URL: http://foodrisk.org/risk_analysis/RA/exposure/pathways.cfm
Exposure Pathways
A construct characterizing the range of likely pathways affecting the safety of the food product
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| ID | Author(s) | Title / Description | Publication Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7948 | European Food Safety Authority |
The Potential Risks Arising from Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies on Food and Feed Safety URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1211902361968.htm Format: 
This opinion of the European Food Safety Authority addresses engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Food and feed are addressed together, since the basic aspects (applications and potential impacts) are expected to…
This opinion of the European Food Safety Authority addresses engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Food and feed are addressed together, since the basic aspects (applications and potential impacts) are expected to be similar. This opinion is generic in nature and is in itself not a risk assessment of nanotechnologies as such or a survey of tentative applications or possible uses thereof or of specific products.
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Source: The Journal: No. 958 pp. 1-39.
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200900002009 |
| 7826 | Bauer, Nathan et. al |
Draft Interagency Risk Assessment for the Public Health Impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) in Poultry, Shell Eggs, and Egg Products URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/PDF/HPAI_Risk_Assess_Nov2008.pdf Format:  
Quantitative risk assessment using mathematical modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent foodborne illness from HPAIV in the United States. Data from the report indicates…
Quantitative risk assessment using mathematical modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce or prevent foodborne illness from HPAIV in the United States. Data from the report indicates there is a 3.5 or 6 day window during which potentially HPAIV-positive poultry or shell eggs, respectively, could escape detection. In addition, the model predicts that consumption of HPAIV-contaminated poultry and shell eggs poses a negligible risk if properly cooked. Included in the report are the Executive Summary, Response to Peer Review Comments, Shell Eggs Model, Poultry Model, and Federal Register Notice (Docket No. FSIS-2007-0001)
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Source: Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
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20081100Nov 2008 |
| 7189 | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
EPA's Roadmap for Mercury URL: http://www.epa.gov/mercury/roadmap.htm Format:
Report describing the Environmental Protection Agency's "progress to date in addressing mercury issues domestically and internationally, and outlines EPA's major ongoing and planned actions to address risks associated with…
Report describing the Environmental Protection Agency's "progress to date in addressing mercury issues domestically and internationally, and outlines EPA's major ongoing and planned actions to address risks associated with mercury." Includes chapters on "Addressing Mercury Releases," "Addressing Mercury Uses in Products and Processes," and "Communicating to the Public about Mercury Exposure Risks." Covers risks related to mercury exposure in fish and in the water supply
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Source: Environmental Protection Agency
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20060705Jul 5, 2006 |
| 7116 | Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, European Food Safety Authority |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel AHAW related with the Migratory Birds and their Possible Role in the Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (Question No EFSA-Q-2005-243) URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/357.htm Format:
Opinion adopted on May 12, 2006 resulting from a qualitative risk assessment of the introduction of Asian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus by migratory birds into the…
Opinion adopted on May 12, 2006 resulting from a qualitative risk assessment of the introduction of Asian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus by migratory birds into the European Union and the transmission of infection to domestic poultry
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 357, 2006, p. 1-46./Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, European Food Safety Authority
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20060516May 16, 2006 |
| 6778 | North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation |
Children's Health and the Environment in North America: A First Report on Available Indicators and Measures URL: http://www.cec.org/programs_projects/pollutants_health/children/index.cfm?varlan=english Format:
Report on indicators from Canada, the U.S., and Mexico related to children's environmental health. Topics covered include pesticide residues, waterborne diseases, and more. Appendices include "Overview of Recommended Indicators…
Report on indicators from Canada, the U.S., and Mexico related to children's environmental health. Topics covered include pesticide residues, waterborne diseases, and more. Appendices include "Overview of Recommended Indicators from the CEC Council," "153 Matched Chemicals," and more. Individual country reports are also available
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Source: North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation
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200600002006 |
| 5749 | Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority |
Opinion of the BIOHAZ Panel Related to Campylobacter in Animals and Foodstuffs URL: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/173.htm Format:
Opinion adopted on January 27, 2005 regarding categories of foods in which Campylobacter represents a significant risk to public health, possible control options, and data gaps
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 177, 2004, p. 1-10./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority
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20050401Apr 1, 2005 |
| 5659 | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Avermectin B1 and its delta-8,9-isomer; Pesticide Tolerance URL: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2005_register&docid=fr16fe05-12 Format:
Final rule establishing a tolerance for the combined residues of the insecticide/miticide avermectin B1 (a mixture of avermectins), and its delta-8,9-isomer, in or on a variety of foods. Includes…
Final rule establishing a tolerance for the combined residues of the insecticide/miticide avermectin B1 (a mixture of avermectins), and its delta-8,9-isomer, in or on a variety of foods. Includes discussion of the aggregate risk assessment and determination of safety
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Source: Federal Register, Vol. 70, No. 31, Feb. 16, 2005, p. 7876-7886./GPO Access, U.S. Government Printing Office
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20050216Feb 16, 2005 |
| 5577 | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Chlorfenapyr; Pesticide Tolerance URL: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2005_register&docid=fr26ja05-16 Format:
Final rule regarding tolerance for residues of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
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Source: Federal Register, Vol. 70, No. 16, Jan. 26, 2005, p. 3649-3654./GPO Access, U.S. Government Printing Office
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20050126Jan 26, 2005 |
| 5337 | Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority |
Opinion of the European Food Safety Authority on BSE Risk from Dissemination of Brain Particles in Blood and Carcass Following Stunning URL: http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/biohaz/biohaz_opinions/731_en.html Format:
Opinion adopted on October 21, 2004 regarding stunning methods and BSE risk in light of new studies. Includes as an annex "Report of the EFSA Working Group on BSE…
Opinion adopted on October 21, 2004 regarding stunning methods and BSE risk in light of new studies. Includes as an annex "Report of the EFSA Working Group on BSE risk from dissemination of brain particles in blood and carcass"
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Source: European Food Safety Autority Journal, Vol. 123, 2004, p. 1-4./Panel on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority
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20041207Dec 7, 2004 |
| 4886 | National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Example Exposure Scenarios URL: http://cfpub2.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=85843 Format:
This document presents exposure scenarios for different exposure pathways and demonstrates the application of data from the Exposure Factors Handbook in estimating exposures. For each scenario, an exposure algorithm,…
This document presents exposure scenarios for different exposure pathways and demonstrates the application of data from the Exposure Factors Handbook in estimating exposures. For each scenario, an exposure algorithm, exposure factor inputs, calculations, and exposure characterization and uncertainties are presented. Ingestion pathways described include contaminated homegrown vegetables, homegrown tomatoes, beef, dairy products, drinking water, fish, and breastmilk
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Source: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency
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20040400Apr 2004 |
| 3708 | Schettgen, T., et al. |
Trans-placental Exposure of Neonates to Acrylamide - a Pilot Study URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-003-0496-8 Format:
Short communication on a study of the trans-placental exposure of newborns to acrylamide. Access to the full text may require subscription or purchase
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Source: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, Online First, Jan. 22, 2004./Springer-Verlag Heidelberg hide details |
20040122Jan 22, 2004 |
| 4731 | Reij, M.W.; Aantrekker, E.D. den |
Recontamination as a Source of Pathogens in Processed Foods URL: http://europe.ilsi.org/file/Recontaminationarticle.pdf Format:
Review that discusses recontamination as an important cause of foodborne illness. Includes discussion of routes and sources for recontamination, techniques for investigation, the incorporation of recontamination into an exposure…
Review that discusses recontamination as an important cause of foodborne illness. Includes discussion of routes and sources for recontamination, techniques for investigation, the incorporation of recontamination into an exposure assessment, and more
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Source: International Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 91, 2004, p. 1-11./ILSI Europe, International Life Sciences Institute
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200400002004 |
| 2607 | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment |
Quellen für Acrylamid in Kosmetika (in German) URL: http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/206/quellen_fuer_acrylamid_in_kosmetika.pdf Format:
This statement discusses links between cosmetics and acrylamide
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Source: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment
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20030324Mar 24, 2003 |
| 5028 | Fein, S.; Levy, A.; Lando, A. |
Food Safety Survey: Summary of Major Trends in Food Handling Practices and Consumption of Potentially Risky Foods URL: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/fssurvey.html Format:
Discussion of results from the Food Safety Survey from 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2001 regarding trends related to cross contamination and consumption of potentially risky foods (including raw clams,…
Discussion of results from the Food Safety Survey from 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2001 regarding trends related to cross contamination and consumption of potentially risky foods (including raw clams, oysters, fish, and eggs, steak tartar, and pink hamburger)
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Source: Consumer Studies Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration
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20020827Aug 27, 2002 |
| 1562 | Cohen, J.; Gray, G. |
Analysis to Inform Decisions: Evaluating BSE URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Cohen.pps Format: 
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It provides an overview of a…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It provides an overview of a model to simulate pathways for cattle-derived BSE in U.S. cattle or in the human food supply and the effects that BSE in the U.S. system would have over time. Included is information on BSE infectivity, and sample simulation results are shown. The pdf version of this presentation is available here.
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Source: FoodRisk.org
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20020726Jul 26, 2002 |
| 1508 | Schaffner, D. |
Modeling Cross-Contamination in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment URL: http://foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-07-24/presentations/Schaffner.pps Format:
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It describes laboratory experiments for studying…
This presentation was given at the 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: Foodborne Hazards, held in Adelphi, MD on July 24-26, 2002. It describes laboratory experiments for studying cross- contamination, data analysis methods, results, bibliography of their published work, a listing of other research projects on microbial behavior in the kitchen environment, and other recent publications. It also presents other considerations for quantitative microbiological risk assessment associated with cross-contamination, and discusses the future outcomes of these types of studies as a means to improve cross contamination modules used in risk assessments. The pdf version of this presentation is available here.
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Source: FoodRisk.org
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20020726Jul 26, 2002 |
| 1352 | United Kingdom Food Standards Agency |
Packaging Gets the Acrylamide All-Clear URL: http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2002/jul/acryl_packaging_survey Format:
This news release from July 25, 2002, relates the Food Standards Agency’s conclusion regarding the likelihood that paper and board packaging is a source of acrylamide
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Source: United Kingdom Food Standards Agency
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20020725Jul 25, 2002 |
| 1353 | United Kingdom Food Standards Agency |
Paper and Board Packaging: Not Likely to Be a Source of Acrylamide in Food URL: http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/27acryl.pdf Format:
Report of the Food Standards Agency study on the presence of acrylamide in samples of paper and board that may be in contact with food or drink, and of…
Report of the Food Standards Agency study on the presence of acrylamide in samples of paper and board that may be in contact with food or drink, and of possible migration of acrylamide into food or drink
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Source: United Kingdom Food Standards Agency
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20020700Jul 2002 |
| 1214 | Scientific Steering Committee, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission |
Opinion on TSE Infectivity Distribution in Ruminant Tissue (State of Knowledge, December 2001) URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out241_en.pdf Format:
This document includes tissue infectivity tables related to BSE in cattle, discussion of the head of cattle, sheep and goats as potential specified risk material, infectivity tables related to…
This document includes tissue infectivity tables related to BSE in cattle, discussion of the head of cattle, sheep and goats as potential specified risk material, infectivity tables related to scrapie in sheep and goats, and a detailed supporting report
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Source: European Commission
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20020110Jan 10, 2002 |
| 1704 | Aantrekker, E. |
Summary of "Recontamination in Food Processing - Quantitative Modelling for Risk Assessment" URL: http://foodrisk.org/downloads/esther_den_abstract.pdf Format:
Summary of a thesis on recontamination as an exposure route. The research was funded by Unilever Research and Development, the Netherlands, conducted at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and supervised…
Summary of a thesis on recontamination as an exposure route. The research was funded by Unilever Research and Development, the Netherlands, conducted at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and supervised by Prof. Mike van Schothorst, Prof. Remko Boom, and Dr. Marcel Zwietering. In the future, the full text will be available here
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Source: FoodRisk.org
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200200002002 |
| 1212 | Bradley, R.; Herbert B.; TSE BSE Ad Hoc Group, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission |
Scientific Report on Stunning Methods and BSE Risks (The Risk of Dissemination of Brain Particles into the Blood and Carcass When Applying Certain Stunning Methods.) URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out247_en.pdf Format:
This report examines the BSE risk from brain material entering the bloodstream of certain animals during stunning processes
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Source: European Commission
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20011213Dec 13, 2001 |
| 1216 | Scientific Steering Committee, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, European Commission |
Opinion on: Hypotheses on the Origin and Transmission of BSE URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out236_en.pdf Format:
This opinion paper and the supporting reports review current understanding of the responsible agent of BSE, the origin of BSE, BSE transmission pathways, and factors which might increase cattle…
This opinion paper and the supporting reports review current understanding of the responsible agent of BSE, the origin of BSE, BSE transmission pathways, and factors which might increase cattle susceptibility to BSE
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Source: European Commission hide details |
20011129Nov 29, 2001 |
| 3563 | National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Database of Sources of Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States URL: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=20797 Format:
Downloadable database of congener specific chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (CDD/CDF) emissions data for all known U.S. sources. Data is associated with the reference years 1995 and 1987. A users' manual and…
Downloadable database of congener specific chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (CDD/CDF) emissions data for all known U.S. sources. Data is associated with the reference years 1995 and 1987. A users' manual and related report are also available from this web page
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Source: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency
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20010300Mar 2001 |
| 1277 | Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
Report of the FDA Retail Food Program Database of Foodborne Illness Risk Factors URL: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/RetailFoodProtection/FoodCode/FoodCode2001/ucm123544.htm Format:
Report of a program to establish a national baseline on foodborne disease risk factors within the retail food industry
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Source: Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration
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20000810Aug 10, 2000 |
| 1606 | Bechtel Jacobs Company LLC |
Empirical Models for the Uptake of Inorganic Chemicals from Soil by Plants URL: http://www.esd.ornl.gov/programs/ecorisk/documents/bjcor-133.pdf Format:
This report presents models on the uptake of contaminants from the soil by plants. Most of the study data is based on agricultural crop plants. Contaminants studied include arsenic,…
This report presents models on the uptake of contaminants from the soil by plants. Most of the study data is based on agricultural crop plants. Contaminants studied include arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc view details
Source: Office of State and Tribal Programs, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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19980923Sep 23, 1998 |
| 28 | Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) |
Salmonella Enteritidis Risk Assessment: Shell Eggs and Egg Products: Final Report URL: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ophs/risk/index.htm Format:
Assessment of the risk from Salmonella Enteritidis from shell eggs and egg products. The pathway shown in this risk assessment provides a good example of the many steps (from…
Assessment of the risk from Salmonella Enteritidis from shell eggs and egg products. The pathway shown in this risk assessment provides a good example of the many steps (from farm to table) that a pathway analysis must include
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Source: Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
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19980810Aug 10, 1998 |
| 1355 | Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) |
AIDS and the Food Handler URL: http://www.ifst.org/document.aspx?id=101 Format:
Information statement on the possibility that AIDS could be transmitted by consuming food handled by an infected food handler. It emphasizes that the transmission of AIDS by food or…
Information statement on the possibility that AIDS could be transmitted by consuming food handled by an infected food handler. It emphasizes that the transmission of AIDS by food or beverages is not a risk
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Source: Institute of Food Science and Technology
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19950600Jun 1995 |
| 941 | Rea, J.C. |
Preventing Sulfa Residues in Pork URL: http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/ansci/g02358.htm Format:
This report provides an overview of sulfa residues in pork, and includes tables of approved levels and withdrawal periods for swine feed additives and effects of form and level…
This report provides an overview of sulfa residues in pork, and includes tables of approved levels and withdrawal periods for swine feed additives and effects of form and level of sulfa in finisher feed on sulfa residues in pork. There is also a description of swine exposure pathways to sulfa drugs, and a checklist for ways to prevent sulfa residues in pork
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Source: University Extension, University of Missouri-Columbia
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19931001Oct 1, 1993 |
| 5403 | Brady, G.; Kelly, J. |
The Assessment of the Public Health Risk Associated with the Simultaneous Handling of Food and Money in the Food Industry URL: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/foodsafety/research/microbiological.htm Format:
Report of a study of the levels of Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, and coagulase positive Staphylococci on money and foods in food establishments
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Source: Food Safety Unit, Public Health Group, Rural and Regional Health and Aged Care Services Division, Department of Human Services, Victorian State Government
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| 3562 | National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Dioxin Exposure Initiative Ongoing Projects URL: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=54925 Format:
This page links to information on current projects being conducted under EPA's Dioxin Exposure Initiative
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Source: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency
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| 3561 | National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
Dioxin Exposure Initiative Publications URL: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=54886 Format:
This page links to EPA publications from its Dioxin Exposure Initiative. Includes publications on sources of dioxins in the US, various exposures including food, and trends
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Source: National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Environmental Protection Agency
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| 977 | Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
Salmonella enteritidis URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salment_g.htm Format:
Overview of Salmonella enteritidis. Includes description, exposure pathways, risk, prevention, and more
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Source: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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