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Terminology

In any discipline, consistent use of terminology is essential for precise and efficient communication. Because food safety risk assessment is important to international trade and because this website is intended for international use, it is important that risk assessors conform to international terminology standards.  Thus, we provide links to the glossaries established by international food safety organizations.  However, we also recognize that there are various definitions in use, many of which are preferred by particular segments of the risk analysis community.  Therefore, we include terms and their definitions from other sources, as well.


Risk Analysis

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ID Author(s) Title / Description Publication Date
7051 Office of Food Safety, Defense and Outreach, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food & Drug Adminstration Food Defense Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions
URL: http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodDefense/Training/ucm111382.htm
Format: HTML
Acronyms related to food defense.
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Source: Office of Food Safety, Defense and Outreach, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food & Drug Adminstration

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20060328Mar 28, 2006
6027 Codex Alimentarius Commission Codex Alimentarius Commission - Procedural Manual: Fourteenth Edition
URL: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/007/y5817e/y5817e00.htm
Format: HTML
This document includes "Working Principles for Risk Analysis for Application in the Framework of the Codex Alimentarius," "Definitions of Risk Analysis Terms Related to Food Safety," and other information on the working of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Includes as an appendix "General Decisions of the Commission," which includes "Statements of Principle Relating to the Role of Food Safety Risk Assessment".
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200400002004
4398 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/IPCS Description of Selected Key Generic Terms Used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment
URL: http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2003doc.nsf/43bb6130e5e86e5fc12569fa005d004c/cc9503ee56845054c1256dcf0032d4de/$FILE/JT00152557.PDF
Format: PDF
This document consists of an "Alphabetical List of Selected Generic Terms in Hazard and Risk Assessment and Their Definitions" as well as information on how the definitions were chosen. Remarks by experts on each term are given. Annexes include "List of High Priority Generic Terms Included in the November 1996 OECD/IPCS Survey," "References and Other Source Documents of Descriptions of High Priority Terms," "Original Survey Results," and "Details of the Process of Work Involved in the Development of Harmonised Descriptions of Generic Terms in Hazard and Risk Assessment".
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Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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20031000Oct 2003
1976 Cicmanec, John L.; Poirier, Kenneth A.; Abernathy, Charles O. Comparing the Recommended Dietary Allowance to Toxicity Values for Zn, Se, Mn, and Mb
URL: http://www.foodrisk.org/IRAC/events/2002-09-18/presentations/nutrition-5.pps
Format: MS PowerPoint
Presentation that discusses toxicity and nutritional requirement issues for the trace elements Zn, Se, Mn, and Mb.
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Source: FoodRisk.org

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20020918Sep 18, 2002
1710 Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fat, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients)
URL: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309085373/html/
Format: HTML
This report presents Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for energy, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. It is one in a series of reports designed to expand upon and replace the U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances and the Canadian Recommended Nutrient Intakes. It includes defintions of many terms related to these macronutrients.
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Source: National Academy Press

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200200002002
3389 Exposure Terminology Subcommittee, IPCS Exposure Assessment Planning Workgroup, Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals, International Programme on Chemical Safety Glossary of Exposure Assessment-Related Terms: A Compilation
URL: http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/methods/harmonization/en/compilation_nov2001.pdf
Format: PDF
Compilation of terms related to exposure assessment from 57 glossaries, intended to help researchers to find differences in definitions of terms.
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Source: IPCS Harmonization Project, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization

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20011101Nov 1, 2001
4583 German BgVV (Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine) Glossar von Termini der Risikoanalyse
URL: http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/228/risiko_glossar.pdf
Format: PDF
Glossary of terms related to risk analysis, with definitions and terms in English and German.
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Source: German BgVV (Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine)

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20010100Jan 2001
57 Codex Alimentarius Commission Definitions of Risk Analysis Terms Related to Food Safety
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/riskanalysis_definitions/en/
Format: HTML
Risk analysis term definitions excerpted from the Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual. Twelfth Edition.
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Source: Food Safety Department, World Health Organization

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200100002001
1586 Committee on Food Hygiene, Codex Alimentarius Commission Report of the Thirty-Fourth Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/alinorm03/al03_13e.pdf
Format: PDF
Report of the 34th session of the CCFH, held in Bangkok, Thailand on October 8-13, 2001. It includes as Appendix IV the "Proposed Draft Guidelines for the Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods?(at Step 2 of the Procedure)," which describes risk management considerations given the results of risk assessments for Listeria monocytogenes in foods. There is also a discussion of the difference between "risk analysis" and "hazard analysis," suggested changes to the "Draft Code of Hygienic Practice for the Primary Production and Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables," and suggested changes to the "Proposed Draft Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Management." Other appendices include the "Proposed Draft Guidelines for the Application of the HACCP Syestem (At Step 5 of the Procedure)".
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200100002001
3717 International Programme on Chemical Safety Toxicological Abbreviations
URL: http://www.inchem.org/documents/eintro/eintro/abreviat.htm
Format: HTML
Listing of abbreviations related to toxicology.
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Source: International Programme on Chemical Safety

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19980500May 1998
25 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Risk Management and Food Safety - FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 65
URL: http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4982E/W4982E00.htm
Format: HTML PDF
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Consultation in Rome, Italy, 27 to 31 January 1997. Covers all aspects of applying risk management to food safety matters. Includes definitions of risk management terms.
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Source: Corporate Document Repository, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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199800001998
1679 Environmental Protection Agency Terms of Environment
URL: http://www.epa.gov/docs/OCEPAterms/
Format: HTML
Glossary of terms used in EPA publications presented in non-technical language.
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Source: Environmental Protection Agency

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19971200Dec 1997
1697 U.S. Census Bureau 1997 NAICS Definitions: 311 Food Manufacturing
URL: http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics/NDEF311.HTM
Format: HTML
1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes for food manufacturing industries. NAICS and SIC codes and the corresponding index entries are given.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau

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199700001997
1680 Jennings, Gregory D., and Ronald E. Sneed Water Quality and Waste Management Glossary
URL: http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/ebae144_90.html
Format: HTML
Glossary of terms commonly used in publications related to water quality and waste management.
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Source: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University

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19960300Mar 1996
1 Committee on Risk Assessments of Hazardous Air Pollutants, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment
URL: http://www.nap.edu/books/030904894X/html/index.html
Format: HTML
This document describes the process of risk assessment, especially as applied to airborne pollutants. Terms are defined within the text.
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Source: National Academy Press

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199400001994
1516 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Glossary of Biotechnology for Food and Agriculture
URL: http://www.fao.org/biotech/index_glossary.asp
Format: HTML
Glossary of terms that are used in the field of food and agriculture biotechnology.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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272 Committee for Definitions, Society for Risk Analysis Glossary of Risk Analysis Terms
URL: http://www.sra.org/resources_glossary.php
Format: HTML
Glossary of terms used in risk analysis and its related fields.
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Source: Society for Risk Analysis

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5034 World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
URL: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
Format: HTML
This page provides background information about ICD and provides access to the current version of ICD-10.
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Source: World Health Organization

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1677 Risk Assessment Program, Toxicology and Risk Analysis Section, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Energy RAIS Glossary
URL: http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/homepage/glossary.shtml
Format: HTML
Glossary of terms found in risk assessment, EMBAM, health physics, and waste management reports.
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Source: Risk Assessment Program, Toxicology and Risk Analysis Section, Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Energy

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Codex Alimentarius Commission

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ID Author(s) Title / Description Publication Date
6027 Codex Alimentarius Commission Codex Alimentarius Commission - Procedural Manual: Fourteenth Edition
URL: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/007/y5817e/y5817e00.htm
Format: HTML
This document includes "Working Principles for Risk Analysis for Application in the Framework of the Codex Alimentarius," "Definitions of Risk Analysis Terms Related to Food Safety," and other information on the working of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Includes as an appendix "General Decisions of the Commission," which includes "Statements of Principle Relating to the Role of Food Safety Risk Assessment".
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200400002004
4825 Codex Alimentarius Commission Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual: Thirteenth edition
URL: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y4971E/y4971e00.htm
Format: HTML
This document includes "Working Principles for Risk Analysis for Application in the Framework of the Codex Alimentarius," "Definitions of Risk Analysis Terms Related to Food Safety," and other information on the working of the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Includes as an appendix "General Decisions of the Commission," which includes "Statements of Principle Relating to the Role of Food Safety Risk Assessment".
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization

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200400002004
3111 Codex Alimentarius Commission Codex Alimentarius Commission Twenty-sixth Session, FAO Headquarters, Rome, 30 June-7 July 2003: Report
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/alinorm03/al03_41e.pdf
Format: PDF
This report addresses such issues as risk analysis policies, draft standards considered, other matters related to the reports of the Codex committees and task forces, and other issues. Includes the "Working Principles for Risk Analysis for Application in the Framework of the Codex Alimentarius" as an appendix.
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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20030700Jul 2003
1586 Committee on Food Hygiene, Codex Alimentarius Commission Report of the Thirty-Fourth Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene
URL: ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/alinorm03/al03_13e.pdf
Format: PDF
Report of the 34th session of the CCFH, held in Bangkok, Thailand on October 8-13, 2001. It includes as Appendix IV the "Proposed Draft Guidelines for the Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods?(at Step 2 of the Procedure)," which describes risk management considerations given the results of risk assessments for Listeria monocytogenes in foods. There is also a discussion of the difference between "risk analysis" and "hazard analysis," suggested changes to the "Draft Code of Hygienic Practice for the Primary Production and Packaging of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables," and suggested changes to the "Proposed Draft Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Management." Other appendices include the "Proposed Draft Guidelines for the Application of the HACCP Syestem (At Step 5 of the Procedure)".
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Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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200100002001
1596 Codex Alimentarius Commission Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of Microbiological Risk Assessment, CAC/GL-30
URL: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/cac1999/en/
Format: PDF
This document describes general principles of microbiological risk assessment. Includes guidelines on general considerations, statement of purpose, hazard identification, exposure assessment, hazard characterization, risk characterization, documentation, and reassessment. The document is available in English, French, or Spanish.
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Source: Food Safety Department, World Health Organization

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199900001999

Economics

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ID Author(s) Title / Description Publication Date
1697 U.S. Census Bureau 1997 NAICS Definitions: 311 Food Manufacturing
URL: http://www.census.gov/epcd/naics/NDEF311.HTM
Format: HTML
1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes for food manufacturing industries. NAICS and SIC codes and the corresponding index entries are given.
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Source: U.S. Census Bureau

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199700001997
60 Cost Benefit Group Environmental Economics Glossary
URL: http://www.costbenefitanalysis.org/glossary.htm
Format: HTML
An environmental economics glossary.
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Source: Environmental Damage Valuation and Cost Benefit News

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59 Meyer, Peter B. Online Glossary of Research Economics
URL: http://econterms.com/
Format: HTML
Searchable economics glossary.
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Source: Meyer, Peter B.

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